Speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing and receiving and processing information (Brown, 1994; Burns & Joyce, 1997) . If you are the one who is studying foreign language ; exactly, your main purpose of learning must be able to communicate with the target language . Speaking occurs in real time instantly with normally at least two people talking each other.For teacher , teaching speaking is considered very difficult especially for ESL/ EFL students. There are many aspects to talk about teaching speaking which is relevant to foreign language instruction; principle , classroom activities , teacher's role and technique.
The principle for teaching language can be the backup for the teacher in teaching. The first one is to focus on fluency and accuracy which is depending on the unit objectives. The fluency is the extent to which student's speech matches what people actually say when they use the target language. Accuracy is to which the speakers use the language quickly and confidently with few hesitations ( Suriany : 2012 ). To provide the feedback and correction is necessitate to comfort students to use the target language more correct by using the appropriate way to help them learn .Moreover , to provide the student an opportunity to initiate the communicative language is very important in teaching speaking. The can learn by imitating the practical language to use more effectively .In addition , teacher must teach students speaking strategies that students can use to develop their speaking skill and can cope with the real situation; asking for clarification , asking someone to repeat something , getting someone attention , etc. All of them will be integrated to design classroom activities more effective result.
For classroom activities used for teaching speaking foreign language , in the traditional classroom activities are just to want students express their ability in asking and answering the questions that they might remember from the conversation the teacher has taught without depth understanding to adapt the sentences. But in fact, many situations in the real communication should be taught through various kind of activities with focusing students to be able to change the structure of sentences to use with the other situations.What teacher should consider when creating and running the activity for teaching speaking are how to stimulate them , what authentic material to use ,and what context or situation, etc.The well - known activities for teaching speaking are The Information gap ,The Jigsaw, The hot Seat and The Buss Group, etc.
The tip in teaching speaking is to provide a chance for students to speak and make them speak . Although the context teacher is going to teach is very useful . There is a belief that students should not be forced to speak when they are not ready to do . This belief is based on the assumption that if the students have not learned enough language components, they are unable to produce meaningful language. Students have to learn grammar and vocabulary to be the basic foundation for speaking skill.Therefore, designing speaking activities that give students’ opportunity to speak is one of the main tasks for language teachers. The most important aspect of preparing students to speak in real life is to give them as many opportunities as possible to practice producing practical conversation.
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